The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and the Fundamental Duties are two essential components of the Indian Constitution that provide a framework for governance and citizenship respectively. They aim to establish a social and economic democracy and to foster the spirit of responsibility and accountability among the citizens.
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):
The DPSP, enshrined in Part IV (Articles 36-51) of the Constitution, are guidelines for the central and state governments of India to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are considered fundamental in the governance of the country.
Key features and categories of DPSP include:
1. Socialistic Principles: Aimed at promoting the welfare of the public and ensuring social, economic, and political justice. For example:
Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State, such as equal distribution of resources and equal pay for equal work.
2. Gandhian Principles: Based on the ideologies of Mahatma Gandhi. For example:
Article 40: Organization of village panchayats.
Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
3. Liberal-Intellectual Principles: Ensuring peaceful and cooperative relations among nations, promoting international peace, etc. For example:
Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizens.
Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security.
Fundamental Duties:
The Fundamental Duties are the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and uphold the unity of India. These duties, set out in Part IV-A (Article 51A), were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. While these duties are non-enforceable, they are significant as they offer a benchmark for citizens' conduct.
Some of the key Fundamental Duties are:
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities.
6. To protect and improve the natural environment.
7. To safeguard public property and abjure violence.
8. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
While the Directive Principles guide the state in formulating policies and legislation, the Fundamental Duties serve as a reminder to citizens of their responsibilities. Both, together with the Fundamental Rights, form the cornerstone of the Indian Constitution, creating a balanced framework of governance, rights, and responsibilities.
